The Haight-Ashbury neighborhood in San Francisco was the epicenter of the hippie movement — offering psychedelic shops, lively music, and plenty of free love.
In the mid-1960s, a neighborhood in San Francisco underwent a historic transformation that placed it at the center of the counterculture movement. Haight-Ashbury, named for the intersection of Haight and Ashbury Streets, was now the hippie capital of the United States.
Of course, that change didn’t happen overnight. It started as an enclave of bohemians and artists drawn to the neighborhood because of its cheap Victorian housing and close proximity to Golden Gate Park. However, the convergence of several large cultural forces — psychedelia, opposition to the Vietnam War, and a young generation that questioned mainstream American values — turned Haight-Ashbury into fertile ground for the hippie movement.
Haight-Ashbury offered something new: a space where young people could create an alternative society based on the principles of peace, love, and communal living. See what it was like in its heyday through our gallery below.
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Hippies relaxing on Haight Street in 1967. Indiana University Digital Collections
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The corner of Haight and Ashbury. 1969.San Francisco Public Library Archives
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Hippies dancing in a park.Ruth-Marion Baruch/University of California Santa Cruz Archives
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A man smoking a pipe. 1969.San Francisco Public Library Archives
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An antiwar sign in a window in the Haight-Ashbury neighborhood. Ruth-Marion Baruch/University of California Santa Cruz Archives
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A young hippie woman with a guitar. Ruth-Marion Baruch/University of California Santa Cruz Archives
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Dancing down the sidewalk.Ruth-Marion Baruch/University of California Santa Cruz Archives
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Vietnam War protesters riding by in a truck that reads “Vietnam Summer.”Ruth-Marion Baruch/University of California Santa Cruz Archives
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A hippie sitting in the sunlight. 1969.San Francisco Public Library Archives
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Two hippies passing by a shop window. Indiana University Digital Collections
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A man leaning against his car.Ruth-Marion Baruch/University of California Santa Cruz Archives
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Hippies hanging out and playing music on the stairs of a home. Ruth-Marion Baruch/University of California Santa Cruz Archives
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A hippie man out on the sidewalk.Ruth-Marion Baruch/University of California Santa Cruz Archives
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A woman on the street holding a newspaper. 1967.San Francisco Public Library Archives
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A young hippie couple crossing the street.Indiana University Digital Collections
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Making out on the motorbike.Ruth-Marion Baruch/University of California Santa Cruz Archives
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Hippies talking in the street.Indiana University Digital Collections
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A young woman with her kitten.Ruth-Marion Baruch/University of California Santa Cruz Archives
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Art depicting peace.Ruth-Marion Baruch/University of California Santa Cruz Archives
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A young man with a selection of records.Ruth-Marion Baruch/University of California Santa Cruz Archives
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Two hippies out on the street.Ruth-Marion Baruch/University of California Santa Cruz Archives
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A woman carrying a flower and a kitten.Ruth-Marion Baruch/University of California Santa Cruz Archives
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A hippie couple sitting on the sidewalk.Ruth-Marion Baruch/University of California Santa Cruz Archives
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Hippies on Haight Street. 1967.Indiana University Digital Collections
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A few people taking a motorcycle for a spin.Ruth-Marion Baruch/University of California Santa Cruz Archives
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A woman carrying her child on her shoulders. 1967.San Francisco Public Library Archives
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Shirtless men meditating outside of a store.Ruth-Marion Baruch/University of California Santa Cruz Archives
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A man taking a break while out on a walk with his dog.Ruth-Marion Baruch/University of California Santa Cruz Archives
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A sign that reads “BE FREE.”Ruth-Marion Baruch/University of California Santa Cruz Archives
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Making sandwiches on the sidewalk.Ruth-Marion Baruch/University of California Santa Cruz Archives
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Men playing live music.Ruth-Marion Baruch/University of California Santa Cruz Archives
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A psychedelic shop on Haight Street.Indiana University Digital Collections
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A man playing the recorder.Ruth-Marion Baruch/University of California Santa Cruz Archives
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Walking barefoot down the sidewalk.Ruth-Marion Baruch/University of California Santa Cruz Archives
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The sign for Melvyn Pivnick’s House of Euphoria.Ruth-Marion Baruch/University of California Santa Cruz Archives
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A group of hippies hanging out in Haight-Ashbury. 1967. San Francisco Public Library Archives
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A sign discussing free personal ads in the Haight-Ashbury Free Press.Ruth-Marion Baruch/University of California Santa Cruz Archives
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A young boy holding two massive flowers.Ruth-Marion Baruch/University of California Santa Cruz Archives
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A Haight-Ashbury resident feeding a kitten with a small bottle.Ruth-Marion Baruch/University of California Santa Cruz Archives
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Two hippies handing out flyers.Indiana University Digital Collections
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A young woman smoking a cigarette.Ruth-Marion Baruch/University of California Santa Cruz Archives
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Two hippies passionately kissing. Ruth-Marion Baruch/University of California Santa Cruz Archives
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A sign with a hotline for victims of police brutality.Ruth-Marion Baruch/University of California Santa Cruz Archives
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Activists in the Haight-Ashbury scene.Ruth-Marion Baruch/University of California Santa Cruz Archives
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A sign in a shop window that reads, “Thank you for telling us we can now be free.”Ruth-Marion Baruch/University of California Santa Cruz Archives
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A hippie girl with face paint at an outdoor music festival.KRON-TV Archival Footage
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Hippies at a summer festival. 1967.San Francisco Public Library Archives
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A mock funeral notice for the hippie movement.Ruth-Marion Baruch/University of California Santa Cruz Archives
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A man sleeping in a chair.Indiana University Digital Collections
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A lion in the backseat of a car.Ruth-Marion Baruch/University of California Santa Cruz Archives
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The opening party for an art gallery. 1974.San Francisco Public Library Archives
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A meeting at the San Francisco Folk Music Club. 1974.San Francisco Public Library Archives
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Two men in front of a storefront on the south side of Haight Street. 1974.San Francisco Public Library Archives
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The San Francisco Folk Music Club. 1974.San Francisco Public Library Archives
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A woman, identified as Rosemary Robles, with her cat Oichi. 1977.San Francisco Public Library Archives
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‘Where 1960s Flower Power Blossomed’: 55 Vintage Photos Of Haight-Ashbury’s Counterculture
Inside The Rise Of The San Francisco Hippie Movement In Haight-Ashbury
Throughout the 1960s, San Francisco had been gaining traction as a creative hub. With media attention focused on the city, thousands of young artists and creatives poured in, many of whom found the affordability and community of Haight-Ashbury enticing. The newcomers had many shared interests: music, art, psychedelic drugs, free love, and antiwar sentiment.
As researcher Anthony Ashbolt explained in a piece for the Australasian Journal of American Studies, those who flocked to Haight-Ashbury “sought refuge from an American dream that was crumbling quickly in suburban wastelands and urban hothouses, as well as the jungles of Vietnam.”
The “flower children” in San Francisco shared much in common with the Beatniks, who mostly settled in New York’s Greenwich Village, but while Beatniks had a deeper appreciation for jazz and coffee shops, the community in San Francisco was more interested in growing their hair out, listening to folk music, and embracing the evolution of rock ‘n’ roll. That community also led to some of the era’s most influential rock bands, such as the Grateful Dead, Jefferson Airplane, and Janis Joplin with Big Brother.
Indiana University Digital CollectionsHippies photographed in Haight-Ashbury.
One other thing slightly separated the hippies from the Beatniks, too: drugs. Beatniks were known to partake in drugs like marijuana, of course, but never before the hippie movement had drug use been such a prominent symbol of an American subculture. LSD in particular was common — and legal until 1966. Haight-Ashbury’s Psychedelic Shop provided information on LSD and other drugs, and became a sort of support center for the hippie movement.
“Suddenly, there was a common fact that everyone could identify with. It was right in the middle of town, and it was called the Psychedelic Shop,” said its co-founder Ron Thelin. “And then more people started coming in and then pretty soon it was like the whole Haight-Ashbury was the community.”
For many hippies, LSD wasn’t just a recreational drug — they saw it as a tool for spiritual awakening. Aldous Huxley’s writings on psychedelics were also highly influential, while people like Timothy Leary — a psychologist who strongly advocated for psychedelic drugs — became countercultural heroes.
Alongside these “awakening” drugs, hippies often pulled from Eastern philosophies and meditation practices, which drew in even more people who had become disillusioned with Western materialism and Cold War anxiety.
The result was a peace-emphasizing, creative community that ultimately proved to be largely unsustainable. The movement had simply grown too big, and that was made apparent in 1967, especially during the Summer of Love.
The Summer Of Love And The Death Of Hippie
San Francisco Public Library ArchivesA man carrying a sign for a Grateful Dead show,.
In January 1967, up to 30,000 people gathered in San Francisco’s Golden Gate Park for an event called the Human Be-In, a celebration of countercultural ideals. It was partly organized in response to California’s ban on LSD just months earlier. Media coverage of the event was constant, broadcasting images of flower children, free love, and what seemed to be a utopian community to countless young people across the country.
Upon seeing this celebration, tens of thousands of people made pilgrimages to San Francisco — and Haight-Ashbury, specifically. But according to SF Heritage, these pilgrims didn’t exactly find what they were hoping to find.
Yes, the creative, communal spirit was there. But the neighborhood itself wasn’t prepared for such a massive influx of people — or the growing pains that accompanied it. Housing became scarce, and crash pads overflowed. The once-plentiful resources of free food and medical services became strained under increased demand. And harder drugs began infiltrating a scene that was previously focused on psychedelics and marijuana.
As a result, crime increased, and the darker elements of counterculture — exploitation, addiction, and mental health crises, to name a few — became impossible to ignore, as the rest of the country observed the aftermath of the Summer of Love through photographs and television screens.
By the fall of 1967, many of Haight-Ashbury’s original residents recognized that the movement was starting to outgrow its roots. Some locals even held a mock funeral procession, “The Death of Hippie,” signaling that the authentic spirit of the community had been largely commercialized and corrupted.
Ruth-Marion Baruch/University of California Santa Cruz ArchivesGraffiti that reads “Let’s Smoke Dope.”
The Psychedelic Shop closed its doors. Some who wished to continue their hippie lifestyles dispersed to communes in rural California and Oregon, hoping to preserve their ideals away from media attention and tourism. But even if the movement was considered “dead” by some, its legacy wasn’t.
The community that formed in Haight-Ashbury challenged American norms and forced people across the country to reconsider and interrogate conventional values about work, success, sexuality, and community. It had proven that young people could create alternative institutions and ways of living. The status quo was not necessarily set in stone.
Haight-Ashbury today is a far cry from what it was in the 1960s. Victorian houses still stand, though many of them command prices unimaginable to the young squatters of the hippie era. Vintage stores cater more to nostalgic tourists hoping to re-live the era’s rebellious spirit, but that only speaks to how commercial the movement became. The true legacy of Haight-Ashbury in the 1960s isn’t found in nostalgia or merchandise, though.
Its true legacy is an enduring belief that society’s structures aren’t fixed, that community can be chosen rather than inherited, and that young people have the power to imagine and create new ways of being in the world.
After this look at Haight-Ashbury in the 1960s, read the wild story of Abbie Hoffman, one of the most iconic faces of counterculture. Or, check out these photographs from Woodstock, the 1960s’ most famous music festival.
