‘Amino Acid: Benefits & Food Sources’. Cleveland Clinic, https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/22243-amino-acids. Accessed 24 Nov. 2025.
Contributor, WebMD Editorial. ‘Top Foods High in Tryptophan’. WebMD, https://www.webmd.com/diet/foods-high-in-tryptophan. Accessed 24 Nov. 2025.
Does Turkey Actually Make Me Sleepy? | St. Vincent’s Medical Center. https://stvincents.org/about-us/news-press/news-detail?articleId=59792&publicid=395#. Accessed 25 Nov. 2025.
Friedman M. Analysis, Nutrition, and Health Benefits of Tryptophan. Int J Tryptophan Res. 2018 Sep 26;11:1178646918802282. doi: 10.1177/1178646918802282. PMID: 30275700; PMCID: PMC6158605.
Girgen, Kayla, et al. ‘Does Turkey Actually Make You Sleepy?’ Health, https://www.health.com/nutrition/why-does-turkey-make-you-sleepy. Accessed 25 Nov. 2025.
Google Search. https://www.google.com/search?sca_esv=3dbed19d9671262c&sxsrf=AE3TifMy7GamfOiIGvkCnFTo_6RCSd6iZQ:1764022786093&udm=28&fbs=AIIjpHxU7SXXniUZfeShr2fp4giZjSkgYzz5-5RrRWAIniWd7tzPwkE1KJWcRvaH01D-XIX002E0qNXsgfZ6fffiMQMi5-_D5b5oEjBGcsLP5FUOaaUQ7bIbj4iFLgtkUUPL7izG6aF9lg-KMgyDDndj9rGt89APCoytbniX64tVMdOtTqmZWqQ7sgBov5m065PISOzNbiJ4mvAhQBif43Aiv1iajWTuOw&q=tryptophan+supplements&ved=1t:220175&ictx=111&biw=1470&bih=832&dpr=2#oshopproduct=gid:17614147257072914229,mid:576462783858528238,oid:12571909512415126573,iid:15580583223869207148,rds:UENfMTc2MTQxNDcyNTcwNzI5MTQyMjl8UFJPRF9QQ18xNzYxNDE0NzI1NzA3MjkxNDIyOQ%3D%3D,pvt:hg,pvo:19&oshop=apv&pvs=0. Accessed 24 Nov. 2025.
Hartmann E. Effects of L-tryptophan on sleepiness and on sleep. J Psychiatr Res. 1982-1983;17(2):107-13. doi: 10.1016/0022-3956(82)90012-7. PMID: 6764927.
Hartmann E. L-tryptophan: a rational hypnotic with clinical potential. Am J Psychiatry. 1977 Apr;134(4):366-70. doi: 10.1176/ajp.134.4.366. PMID: 320887.
‘How Does Melatonin Work?’ Cleveland Clinic, https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/23411-melatonin. Accessed 25 Nov. 2025.
How Much Turkey Do You Have to Eat to Get Sleepy from Tryptophan? – Better Sleep Council | Start Every Day with a Good Night’s Sleep. 16 Nov. 2022, https://bettersleep.org/blog/how-much-turkey-do-you-have-to-eat-to-get-sleepy-from-tryptophan/.
Mikkelson, Barbara. ‘Does Eating Turkey Make You Sleepy?’ Snopes, 6 June 2003, https://www.snopes.com//fact-check/the-big-sleep/.
Pierce, Shanley. ‘Food Coma: The Truth About Turkey and Tryptophan’. TMC News, 1 Nov. 2016, https://www.tmc.edu/news/2016/11/food-coma-truth-turkey-tryptophan/.
Richard, Dawn M, et al. ‘L-Tryptophan: Basic Metabolic Functions, Behavioral Research and Therapeutic Indications’. International Journal of Tryptophan Research : IJTR, vol. 2, Mar. 2009, pp. 45–60. PubMed Central, https://doi.org/10.4137/ijtr.s2129.
‘Serotonin: What Is It, Function & Levels’. Cleveland Clinic, https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/22572-serotonin. Accessed 25 Nov. 2025.
Sutanto, Clarinda N., et al. ‘The Impact of Tryptophan Supplementation on Sleep Quality: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression’. Nutrition Reviews, vol. 80, no. 2, Jan. 2022, pp. 306–16. PubMed, https://doi.org/10.1093/nutrit/nuab027.
‘Thanksgiving Mystery: Does Turkey Make You Sleepy?’ Science, 25 Nov. 2025, https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/thanksgiving-mystery-does-turkey-make-you-sleepy.
The Turkey-Tryptophan Connection — Is It Really What’s Behind the Thanksgiving Snooze? https://www.texashealth.org/areyouawellbeing/Eating-Right/The-Turkey-Tryptophan-Connection-Is-It-Really-Whats-Behind-the-Thanksgiving-Snooze. Accessed 24 Nov. 2025.
Tryptophan – an Overview | ScienceDirect Topics. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/tryptophan. Accessed 25 Nov. 2025.
Tryptophan: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002332.htm. Accessed 24 Nov. 2025.
Victor, Daniel. ‘No, the Tryptophan in Turkey Won’t Make You Sleepy’. The New York Times, 25 Nov. 2025, https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/26/science/no-the-tryptophan-in-turkey-wont-make-you-sleepy.html.
